Series ELA for ELL: Scaffolding Understanding for Complex Text: Preparing Learners: Activating Prior Knowledge

ELA.SL.7.1c

Common core State Standards

  • ELA:  English Language Arts
  • SL:  Speaking and Listening Standards 6-12
  • 7:  7th Grade
  • 1c: 
    Engage effectively in a range of collaborative
    discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacherled)
    with diverse partners on grade 7 topics,
    texts, and issues, building on othersâ\x80\x99 ideas and
    expressing their own clearly.

    a. Come to discussions prepared, having read
    or researched material under study; explicitly
    draw on that preparation by referring to
    evidence on the topic, text, or issue to probe
    and reflect on ideas under discussion.

    b. Follow rules for collegial discussions, track
    progress toward specific goals and deadlines,
    and define individual roles as needed.

    c. Pose questions that elicit elaboration and
    respond to others' questions and comments
    with relevant observations and ideas that bring
    the discussion back on topic as needed.


    d. Acknowledge new information expressed by
    others and, when warranted, modify their own
    views.

Download Common Core State Standards (PDF 1.2 MB)

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ELA.SL.8.1c

Common core State Standards

  • ELA:  English Language Arts
  • SL:  Speaking and Listening Standards 6-12
  • 8:  8th Grade
  • 1c: 
    Engage effectively in a range of collaborative
    discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacherled)
    with diverse partners on grade 8 topics,
    texts, and issues, building on othersâ\x80\x99 ideas and
    expressing their own clearly.

    a. Come to discussions prepared, having read
    or researched material under study; explicitly
    draw on that preparation by referring to
    evidence on the topic, text, or issue to probe
    and reflect on ideas under discussion.

    b. Follow rules for collegial discussions and
    decision-making, track progress toward
    specific goals and deadlines, and define
    individual roles as needed.

    c. Pose questions that connect the ideas of
    several speakers and respond to others'
    questions and comments with relevant
    evidence, observations, and ideas.


    d. Acknowledge new information expressed
    by others, and, when warranted, qualify or
    justify their own views in light of the evidence
    presented.

Download Common Core State Standards (PDF 1.2 MB)

Preparing Learners: Activating Prior Knowledge

Lesson Objective: Analyze structural, organizational, grammatical, and lexical choices
Grades 6-8 / ELA / ELL
6 MIN
ELA.SL.7.1c | ELA.SL.8.1c

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Discussion and Supporting Materials

Thought starters

  1. This lesson asks students to utilize various forms of "communicative functions" through the three-step interview. Why is this important for ELLs?
  2. How does the structure of this task ensure that all students are engaged in the work?
  3. How did Ms. Park-Friend activate her students' prior knowledge?

143 Comments

  • Private message to Emelida Carrias

1. Communication is important because it helps the students interact and start to familiarize and learn to coomuncate better and understand each other slowly but surely.

2. Its structured in a way that the students engage into the topic and learn more.

3. The teacher made the students recall information that they had learnt before, and they were responsible to retell the story.

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  • Private message to Michael Daigre

Communicative functions are important for English because it uses several concepts needed to communicate effectively. Including: listening, speaking and comprehension. Especially since most of these students have English as their second language, new vocabulary and sentence structure lessons are also included in communicative functions. The structure used for the interview assisgnment has a position for each group member, thus engaging each student to participate in different areas. 

The teacher activated the students prior knowledge by explaining each group members task before starting. This time also allowed for questions before starting the interviews. 

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  • Private message to Gregory Broussard

1.  Communicative functions are important because it helps the students interactions in learning English. The interaction starts with a question or information to be shared.  The interviewer has to listen to and understand  the answer in determining the person being interviewed is responding to the question.  If the person being interviewed does not answer the question, then the interviewer can repeat the question.  The last part is the interviewer sharing with the group what he/she learned from the interviewee.  This step allows the interviewee to confirm what was said, or explain.  It keeps both the interviewer and interviewee engaged.  Comprehension is essential for the students.

2.  The structure of the task requiring the interviewer to explain the interviewees answers determines the quality of the interaction.  The questions must be clearly communicated to the interviewee and understood by the interviewee, responses must be clearly communicated to the interviewer and understood by the interviewer, and the final explanation gives both participant to opportunity to confirm they understand each other.  If the person being interviewed was allowed to explain his/her answers, then it would not assess if the interviewer and interviewee had a successful communication.

3. She makes the learning personal by asking students to recall the most memorable argument they have had with someone, were they either failed or succeeded in convincing the other person.

 

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  • Private message to Crystal Kelley

1. Utilizing various forms of communicative functions is important for ELLs because they are working on reading, writing, and speaking English as a second language. This gives them the opportunity to flex all of those muscles and continue to practice those skills.


2. All students are engaged in the work because each has a partner that they will interview, who will then interview them. They'll be responsible for both speaking, listening, and recording answers. Everyone has a part.


3. Ms. Park-Friend activated her student's prior knowledge by having them recall a firsthand experience from their past. This helps make the concept of persuasion more personal and real.

Recommended (0)
  • Private message to DeAnna Granger

1.   It is important to utilize various forms of communicative functions for ELLs to ensure that the students have multiple ways to communicate their responses for their interview as well as to conduct the interview. 

 

2.  The structure of the task ensures all students are engaged in the work by the students having to interview each other. 

3.  The teacher had the students share a time when they were persuaded and tied that in to what was being taught. 

Recommended (0)

Transcripts

  • Preparing Learners: Activating Prior Knowledge Final Program Transcript

    Park-Friend: So good morning guys. Welcome.

    Park-Friend (INT): My name is Emily Park-Friend. I

    Preparing Learners: Activating Prior Knowledge Final Program Transcript

    Park-Friend: So good morning guys. Welcome.

    Park-Friend (INT): My name is Emily Park-Friend. I work at Bruce Randolph School and I teach seventh grade literacy skills. Almost all of my students are English language learners. Maybe two students are native English speakers.

    Park-Friend: The first thing we're gonna do today is do our three-step interview where you're gonna be interviewing your classmates about some questions.

    Aida Walqui: In this lesson you see students working through a structure that was originally designed by Spencer Kagan, and it's a structure in which the teacher frames two questions that are going to prepare students to get thinking - activating prior knowledge - that will then serve as the basis for constructing new understandings. And it takes place in three steps.

    Park-Friend: So look up here….

    Park-Friend (INT): We moved into the three-step interview. So I gave students instructions on how they would interview their classmates and who they would be interviewing.

    Park-Friend: I'm gonna put you in a group of four. So if you're in your group, there will be an A, B, C, and D. A, you're gonna interview B. C is gonna interview who? D. That's it. It's gonna be really important that you listen to their answer because you're gonna share out later what they said. You're not gonna tell your own story. You're gonna tell their story. So that's step 1. The next step, you switch. So if [student] is my partner and I'm A and he's B, step 1 I interview him, step 2, he interviews me. Asks me the same questions. Kay? And then step 3. Each student reports what they learn from their partner to the entire group of four, and we'll review that step again when we're done with 1 and 2.

    Park-Friend (INT): Students were working in groups asking each other about a memorable argument they had had before and whether or not they were able to convince someone of something.

    Park-Friend: What does it mean if an argument is memorable Derrick?

    Student: You can remember it.

    Park-Friend: You can remember it. The second question, can you read that one for me please Effrain?

    Aida Walqui: The lesson begins with the teacher inviting students to share instances in which they've had to persuade somebody to do something. And that is an important step because persuasion may be taught in a class as something that is really remote and that you know, we're going to learn these persuasive texts and everybody thinks it's something not real, not personal, when in fact all of us are engaged in acts of persuasion all the time.

    Student: Were you able to convince the other person you were arguing with about anything?

    Park-Friend: What's convince mean?

    Student: To persuade.

    Park-Friend: Persuade. So did you win, right? Did you get them to get on your side? And then the third question, was the person you were arguing with able to convince you?

    Student: Was the person you were arguing with able to convince you of anything? If so, how did this happen? If not, why do you think it did not?

    Student: Uh, well, my, my mom said that if I did, if I did, um, get a dog I have to clean all his stuff and give them food and buy everything for him. So yeah. That's why. And my mom convinced herself because I cleaned my room. And he can sleep there.

    Park-Friend: We've all interviewed. A, you've interviewed B and C, you've interviewed D. Now we're gonna switch.

    Student: What is the most memorable argument you have ever been in?

    Student: When me and my brother were fighting over what channel to watch.

    Student: Were you able to convince the other…

    Park-Friend (INT): The interviews went well. Something like that that was multi-step, it has a lot of specific directions, could be confusing for students, but they seem to pick it up very quickly and be able to just run with it.

    Park-Friend: In your group of four, decide who's gonna go first, and you're gonna share out your partner's story. We're not commenting on the stories until everyone has shared.

    Student: A memorable argument that Effrain had was what car to get. He was able to convince another person to buying a, a different car, because they, he had good arguments about why the other car was better.

    Aida Walqui: It's a very powerful strategy because in a matter of three or four minutes all students have asked for information, all students have had to listen to and understand information that has been given to them and all students have had to report information. So there are three very different communicative functions that are practiced in a short time.

    Park-Friend: Why do you think I asked you to share about an argument you had before?

    Student: To see if we were listening correctly.

    Park-Friend: To practice listening with a partner? Right. So we've been reading persuasive texts. People who are masters of persuasion, but I know we have some masters of persuasion in here too, right?

    Park-Friend: Today I thought went well and I was also impressed with the level of conversation that many students were having.

    - END -

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School Details

Bruce Randolph School
3955 Steele Street
Denver CO 80205
Population: 760

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Teachers

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Emily Park-Friend